hello @hisataro,
thanks for the details. at this point, we would suggest to re-flash the device first: User Guide · TinkerBoard/TinkerBoard Wiki (github.com)
once the flashing is done, please copy the boot image to the device. the boot.img file (TB2_Android11_v2.0.6_boot_img) is re-uploaded and can be downloaded here: https://www.asuswebstorage.com/navigate/a/#/s/50AF1C5364224C2BA8C8A5802DD779064
adb push boot.img /storage/emulated/0/Download/
then you can start rooting the device using magisk, please follow along the steps: